Opinion

1/5/26, 6:52 AM

Author: Balázs Hetesi

From Directive to Dataflow: Evaluating Hungary’s Energy Law Legislation

In line with the European Union’s push for a unified energy market, Member States are increasingly required to ensure access to interoperable metering data. Energy consumption data must flow seamlessly between consumers, energy companies and digital service providers, forming the cornerstone of demand-response services and fair competition in the common digital energy market.

Opinion

1/2/26, 6:44 AM

Author: Lili Polyák

Connecticut’s Cannabis Experiment: Lessons for Central Europe

The legalization of cannabis remains one of the most debated public health policies of the 21st century. As more U.S. states and several European countries reconsider their legal frameworks, the long-term societal, psychological, and economic impacts of these shifts demand careful evaluation.

Opinion

12/16/25, 2:44 PM

Author: Kamilla Miklai

Lethal Autonomy: Machine learning, operation and predictability. Can we truly control it?

How can the behavior of autonomous weapons be trained, guided and ultimately constrained? Predictability and controllability are key when it comes to the battlefield, but is it given without human oversight?

Opinion

12/12/25, 10:01 PM

Author: Jázmin Anna Komjáti

Turkey on the Move: Living on Restless Ground

Turkey never fully stands still, even in the quietest hour as the last ferry crosses the Bosphorus at midnight, the ground beneath shifts. Millimeter by millimeter, year by year, the land slides, locks, and releases. Earthquakes are not interruptions but part of its rhythm that is sometimes subtle, usually violent, but always present, shaping life above and below.

Opinion

12/11/25, 3:25 PM

Author: Katarína Sárvári

European Nuclear Deterrence in a Changing Security Environment: A Climate and Sustainability Perspective

The war in Ukraine and renewed discussions about nuclear weapons have brought European nuclear deterrence back into focus. For many years, Europeans viewed nuclear weapons as Cold War relics, replaced by diplomacy, cooperation, and integration. Today, however, deterrence is again seen as a key element in maintaining peace and must be considered in military, as well as in environmental and sustainability terms.

Opinion

12/10/25, 2:23 PM

Author: Tímea Kécz

Treatment Options for Child and Adult ADHD: Risks and Benefits

While stimulant medications are frequently successful in attenuating core ADHD symptoms such as impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattention, they are also associated with a substantial adverse effects.

Opinion

12/9/25, 10:51 PM

Author: Dániel Biró-Markovics

U.S. Reciprocal Tariff Actions – Latest Developments

Since September 2025, the United States has significantly expanded its use of trade measures under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, alongside the formal implementation of elements of the new EU–U.S. trade deal. The Department of Commerce also initiated several national security-related tariff investigations into a broad swath of industrial and medical products, while regulatory notices set up procedures to widen existing tariffs. Concurrently, U.S. authorities announced tariff schedule changes to fulfill the recent U.S.–EU deal, cutting duties on many European exports. These developments occur against a backdrop of high-stakes litigation over executive tariff authority, raising important questions of constitutional and statutory power.

Opinion

12/8/25, 10:31 PM

Author: Attila Hérics

Constitutional Protection of Autochthonous National Minorities in Germany under the guise of Constitutional Identity

The Sorb, Danish, Frisian, and Roma minorities, whose presence predates the modern German state, are among the indigenous minorities protected by Germany’s Basic Law (Grundgesetz or GG). Minority rights are protected by fundamental constitutional principles, states(Länder) constitutions, and consistent judicial interpretation, despite the Grundgesetz containing no explicit minority-rights clause.

Opinion

11/14/25, 11:19 AM

Author: Szabolcs Janik

Why Orbán opposes Ukraine’s EU membership – is there a way out?

Political battles between Prime Minister Viktor Orbán and “Brussels” are nothing new. Since the early 2010’s, Hungary’s right wing government faced backlash from EU institutions on issues like the adoption of Hungary’s new Fundamental Law and later amendments, or around the passing of new media laws.

Opinion

10/20/25, 8:04 AM

Author: Máté Kónya

Youth, Art & Participation: Reflections from the Ars Electronica Festival 2025

When Linz launched the Ars Electronica Festival in 1979, the city was searching for a new identity. Heavy industry was collapsing, the steel crisis hit hard, and local leaders needed an alternative vision. What began as a bold experiment - inviting pioneers of digital art and technology to Upper Austria - has since grown into a global ecosystem of media art, attracting universities, companies, NGOs, and thousands of visitors every year.

Opinion

10/16/25, 3:46 PM

Author: Tótszegi Rebeka

Beauty with Brains: Thoughts on Breaking Stereotypes and Redefining Balance

What does it mean to be a “Beauty with Brains”? It is a phrase we often used to describe women who defy long-standing stereotypes. For centuries, women were seen as weaker and given fewer opportunities.

Opinion

10/16/25, 3:22 PM

Author: Attila Hérics

Coming to Terms: The Termination of the Presidential Office in Italy and Hungary

Hungary and Italy, while both having presidential systems, have unique mechanism regarding a premature end of a presidential term. In both, the head of state has mainly ceremonial powers, but the expiry of their term is defined by strict constitutional and legal standards. This examination centers on the reasons, the procedure, and the legal effects of a resignation, underlining the structural congruence and the doctrinal inconsistencies between the two systems.

Opinion

10/16/25, 10:43 AM

Author: Soma Gallai

The Impact of Changing Weather Conditions and Frequent Thunderstorms on Hong Kong

Hong Kong, a Special Administrative Region of China, is in a unique geographical, demographic, and economic position. Despite its tropical climate with frequent storms, it has become one of the most densely populated cities in the world. It was a trading hub during the British colonial era and later evolved into a financial hub for Asia. But how does it handle storms?

Opinion

10/15/25, 8:14 AM

Author: Jázmin Anna Komjáti

A Nation in a Glass: The Story of Turkish Tea

The waiter moves quickly through the crowd, balancing a round metal tray that glitters in the sunlight. On it, tulip-shaped glasses clink against each other, all filled with deep red tea, hot enough to fog the glass. It could be a ferry crossing the Bosphorus, a teahouse in Anatolia, or a bazaar in Istanbul, to sip a glass of çay is folded into the rhythm of Turkish life itself.

Opinion

10/7/25, 10:23 AM

Author: Attila Hérics

Appointing the Executive: Legal Limits of Presidential Powers in Italy and Hungary

In countries with parliamentary systems, the heads of state are often seen as having mainly ceremonial roles. Despite this, they have important duties related to forming the government, such as appointing the Prime Minister and other ministers. While these responsibilities are mostly formal, they can impact how the government is put together and how stable it is.

Opinion

10/7/25, 10:20 AM

Author: Soma Gallai

Quinnipiac’s Student-Managed Portfolio

Like most universities in the United States, Quinnipiac University maintains an endowment, typically managed by professional investment firms. However, Quinnipiac has chosen to allocate a small portion of its endowment to a Student-Managed Fund, giving students the opportunity to gain hands-on experience managing real assets in a real-world investment environment.

Opinion

10/7/25, 9:46 AM

Author: Júlia Petrozsényi

Switzerland and the EU: Opportunities for Small States to Influence EU Policy

Hungary’s experience as a small EU member state invites comparison with Switzerland’s unique approach to engaging the Union from the outside. Although not an EU member, Switzerland has leveraged bilateral agreements, regulatory alignment, and strategic diplomacy to exert meaningful influence, offering potential lessons for member states navigating multilateral governance from a position of relative size and power.

Opinion

10/7/25, 9:15 AM

Author: Veronika Schuller

New Rules for Old Giants – The First Judicial Tests of the Digital Markets Act

The future of digital markets is being shaped in Europe right now. The EU's new digital rules are revolutionizing how tech giants operate. The cornerstone of these rules is The Digital Markets Act (DMA) which serves as the legal framework for the first court cases against Meta, Google, and Apple.

Opinion

10/7/25, 8:37 AM

Author: Dorina Bosits

The Rise of the Hungarian Space Sector and Why Hungary Needs its Own Space Act

As Hungary seeks to strengthen its position in the global space sector, the idea of adopting a national space law is gaining traction. Legal and practical considerations are prompting lawmakers to explore a dedicated legislative framework that could support the country’s long-term space development and innovation efforts.

Opinion

10/4/25, 9:37 AM

Author: Dr. Nicholas Tate

Why, how and when should we assess children’s learning? - Part II.

Some thoughts on assessment from a former head teacher and head of England’s national testing agency and regulatory body for school examinations, and someone who – like the rest of the world – has often been assessed.

Opinion

10/4/25, 9:34 AM

Author: Dr. Nicholas Tate

Why, how and when should we assess children’s learning? - Part I

Opinion

6/23/25, 1:19 PM

Author: Máté Barzó

Revolutionizing Property: The Rise of RWA Crypto Real Estate Tokenization

Tokenization is transforming the real estate industry by converting physical assets into digital tokens. This process increases liquidity and accessibility for investors worldwide.

Opinion

6/20/25, 3:11 PM

Author: Milán Constantinovits

The Necessity of Teaching Rhetoric for Future’s Education

The radical change of our surrounding social and technical environment has greatly affected our use of language, reading habits, and schools. It forces us to reconsider certain claims regarding education for our youngest generation, the Alphas, currently growing up in classrooms. This reconsideration can be enriched by three arguments rooted in the classical understanding of education, each offering insights to help prepare schools for the challenges of the future.

Opinion

5/9/25, 3:42 PM

Author: Király Panka

Borderless in Lavapiés A neighbourhood that redefines multiculturalism

Located in the heart of the Spanish capital, Lavapiés is one of the oldest parts of Madrid and defined by picturesque buildings filled with countless restaurants, bars and small businesses.

Opinion

5/6/25, 8:17 PM

Author: Júlia Petrozsényi

Switzerland and the EU: The Future of Bilateralism

Switzerland’s relationship with the EU is based on bilateral agreements, ensuring economic integration while preserving sovereignty. Although this flexible model offers advantages, it faces growing pressure due to legal uncertainties and EU demands for deeper institutional ties. The future of Swiss-EU relations depends on balancing autonomy with economic and political realities.

Opinion

4/30/25, 8:09 PM

Author: Sárkány Dominik

Sport psychology without borders: Adapting Spanish research models to the Hungarian context

Sport psychology is a constantly evolving discipline that increasingly embraces an interdisciplinary approach to support athletes’ holistic development and provide mental and emotional guidance.

Opinion

4/30/25, 3:03 PM

Author: Király Panka

Spain-Offline: Twelve Hours That Questioned the EU’s Digital Future

At noon April 28th Spain went dark. Not only did the country experience a country-wide blackout, within an hour internet and telephone services were also completely cut off, further cutting the Spanish people off from the world. Spain, however, was not alone: Portugal, as well as parts of France and Italy, also faced substantial blackouts. The social consequences of the blackout were as damaging as the practical surprise and bewilderment quickly turned to chaos and panic. Streets and traffic were engulfed in chaos and travel was paralyzed. Thousands of questions were asked, but none were answered.

Opinion

4/14/25, 9:21 PM

Author: Norbert Stoller

How Does a Political Party Double their Support in 4 Years? - The AfD Success Story

In politics, support is everything. But how can a party gain new voters when they are strictly critiqued by the media, labelled a threat to democracy, and excluded by all other political parties? Despite these hurdles, Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) became the second largest party in the recent German elections, doubling their support in only 4 years. How did AfD achieve this, and what factors contributed to their success?

Opinion

4/6/25, 8:03 PM

Author: Király Panka

Broken Identity: The Realities of the Spanish Immigration Policy

Since 2015, the migration crisis has remained one of Europe’s most pressing challenges, sparking intense debate and diverging policy responses across the continent. While a few countries, such as Hungary, swiftly adopted a closed-border approach, most European nations initially embraced an open-door policy, driven by principles of solidarity, inclusion, and humanitarian responsibility. This divide in strategy has shaped political discourse, influenced public opinion, and continued to redefine Europe’s approach to migration.

Opinion

4/3/25, 9:40 PM

Author: Prof. Tanja Karakamisheva-Jovanovska

The World Is Changing, but Can Europe Change With It?

Following the election of President Donald Trump, a seismic shift has taken shape in American foreign policy—from its stance on the war in Ukraine, relations with Russia, and approach toward Europe and the European Union. The result has been a dramatic acceleration in global geopolitical change, unfolding at a supersonic pace.

Opinion

3/19/25, 9:53 AM

Author: Dorina Bosits

The Weltraumgesetz Magnified– Content and Provisions of Austria’s Outer Space Act

Austria’s Weltraumgesetz (Austrian Outer Space Act) was introduced in 2011 to bring Austria’s space industry within international regulations and regulate the industry’s rapid growth. As a backbone of space sovereignty, the Act regulates space activities, establishes a National Registry and establishes authorization criteria of space activities. It also requires liability insurance for commercial space operators.

Opinion

3/14/25, 9:15 PM

Author: Joanna Williams

What is education for?

It is easy, and necessary, to critique much of what happens in schools and universities today. Far more difficult is the task of defining education in positive terms.

Opinion

2/21/25, 9:53 PM

Author: Dr. Nicholas Tate

What Makes a Great School? Lessons in Leadership and Learning

In most English-speaking countries schools are swamped with government pressures to help solve whatever the problems of the moment happen to be. The image of schools preoccupied with these sorts of issues is not going to help our main objectives.

Opinion

2/7/25, 11:42 AM

Author: Dorina Bosits

The Importance of Space – The Austrian Approach to Outer Space Activity

Austria plays a major role in the development of the international and European space initiatives and has charted out a unique place within space law and industry. Through both the Austrian Space Agency and the Austrian Outer Space Act, Austria uses its outer space activity to support and maintain its own sovereignty.

Opinion

1/28/25, 3:22 PM

Author: Joanna Williams

Growing up woke? Education is the new political faultline

New political divides have emerged in recent decades. In many countries, it is now education and not social class that most accurately predicts how people will vote in elections.

Opinion

7/22/24, 7:38 PM

Author: Joanna Williams

In Defence of Exams

Exams are vital to maintaining and raising standards. They must be defended.

Opinion

7/2/24, 8:13 PM

Author: Joanna Williams

What are universities for?

The continued existence of universities belies the fundamental changes that have occurred over the course of a millennia. The number of universities and students has increased exponentially and their purpose and cultural significance has been transformed.

Opinion

6/20/24, 7:57 PM

Author: Hámori Dávid

What Economic Objectives Does Hungary's Southern Opening Policy Serve?

The analysis aims to explore the economic objectives that Hungary's Southern Opening Policy may serve for its economy. To achieve this understanding, the analysis will delve into the Southern Opening Policy, examining its background, implementation strategies, and potential economic impacts on the Hungarian economy.

Opinion

6/12/24, 8:35 PM

Author: Joanna Williams

The Crisis of Socialisation

Socialisation is the process by which children are taught to behave in ways that meet the expectations of society.

Opinion

5/27/24, 1:01 PM

Author: Joanna Williams

Children do not need lessons in mental health

For more than a decade, teachers, counselors, and school psychologists have all been playing shrink.

Pod-Vid

Összes »

Pod-Vid

10/21/25

MCC GeoPod: Discovering the Valdai Club - Summary of the 2025 Meeting

This year topic of the Valdai Discussion Club was around the theme of “The Polycentric World: Instructions for Use,” aimed to go beyond merely describing a multipolar world and instead explore how to live in and navigate it.

Pod-Vid

10/10/25